Solutions Architect Jobs

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and partners to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned software architects and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our field partner leaders and play a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. This role can be based remotely in the Indian region. As an ideal candidate, you will have: 5+ years of pre-sales experience with enterprise software and technical aptitude Working knowledge and ability to code with one or more modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) Working knowledge of UI development with demonstrable skills in semantic HTML, modern CSS, and TypeScript, integrated with frameworks(e.g, Vue.js , React.js , Angular.js ). Should demonstrate working knowledge of using AI agents (e.g Cursor, v0, Lovable, Windsurf) to orchestrate UI designs and interfaces. Proficient in deploying applications to the Cloud with cloud best practices(DevOps) any one cloud provider preferable AWS. Experience with benchmarking, profiling and performance tuning of Database systems 3+ years of software development experience Excellent presentation and communication skills A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience As an ideal candidate, you may also have: Experience selling databases and/or deploying applications with any of the major cloud providers Experience with database progra

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and partners to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned software architects and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our field partner leaders and play a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. We are looking to speak to candidates who are based in Sao Paulo for our hybrid working model. As an ideal candidate, you will have: 8+ years of pre-sales experience with enterprise software and technical aptitude Working knowledge and ability to code with one or more modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) Experience with scalable and highly available distributed systems 2+ years of software development experience Excellent presentation and communication skills The ability to travel up to 50% A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience Professional proficiency in speaking and writing Portuguese and English Professional proficiency in speaking and writing Spanish is highly preferred As an ideal candidate, you may also have: Experience selling databases and/or deploying applications with any of the major cloud providers Experience with database programming and data modelling Knowledge of modern technologies - their function and integration requirements - e.g. Spark, cloud storage/streaming, API mgmt, Kafka, serverless. A cloud provider certification A MongoDB

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and users to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned technical sales professionals, software architects, entrepreneurs, and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our sales executives, helping customers solve business problems by leveraging our solutions, playing a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. We are looking to speak to candidates who are based in London for our hybrid working model. As an ideal candidate, you will have: Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to tec

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and partners to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned software architects and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our field partner leaders and play a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. We are looking to speak to candidates who are based in Atlanta, Austin, Dallas, Miami for our hybrid working model. As an ideal candidate, you will have: 8+ years of pre-sales experience with enterprise software and technical aptitude Working knowledge and ability to code with one or more modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) Experience with scalable and highly available distributed systems 2+ years of software development experience Excellent presentation and communication skills The ability to travel up to 50% A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience Professional proficiency in speaking and writing Portuguese and English Professional proficiency in speaking and writing Spanish is highly preferred As an ideal candidate, you may also have: Experience selling databases and/or deploying applications with any of the major cloud providers Experience with database programming and data modelling Knowledge of modern technologies - their function and integration requirements - e.g. Spark, cloud storage/streaming, API mgmt, Kafka, serverless. A cloud provider cer

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and partners to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned software architects and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our field partner leaders and play a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. We are looking to speak to candidates who are based in Sydney for our hybrid working model. As an ideal candidate, you will have: 5 to 8 years of related industry experience, ideally 2 years of experience in a partner facing role. Minimum of 2 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience implementing scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to technology and business leadership. Ability to work with a cross functional sales team to formulate and execute an end to end deal cycle. The ability to travel up to 25% A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience As an ideal candidate, you may also have: Experience developing, deploying, or supporting applications with any of the maj

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and users to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned technical sales professionals, software architects, entrepreneurs, and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our sales executives, helping customers solve business problems by leveraging our solutions, playing a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. This role will be based remotely in Mexico City. As an ideal candidate, you will have: Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to technology and business leadership Ability to strategize with sales teams and provide recommendations on how to drive a multi-threaded account strategy, aligning other MongoDB and ecosystem resources to move towards a mutually beneficial account

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects are responsible for guiding our customers and users to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned technical sales professionals, software architects, entrepreneurs, and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our sales executives, helping customers solve business problems by leveraging our solutions, playing a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of users from startups to the world's largest enterprise IT organizations. This role will be based remotely in Sao Paulo, Brazil. As an ideal candidate, you will have: Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to technology and business leadership Ability to strategize with sales teams and provide recommendations on how to drive a multi-threaded account strategy, aligning other MongoDB and ecosystem resources to move towards a mutually benefi

About the role 우리의 플랫폼에 대한 강력한 기술적 지지와 고객의 요구사항을 기반으로 MongoDB가 성장할 수 있도록 돕는 기술에 열정을 가진 인재들을 저희의 프리세일즈 조직에 모십니다. MongoDB 프리세일즈 솔루션 아키텍트는 고객 및 사용자들이 MongoDB 데이터 플랫폼을 활용해 신뢰할 수 있고 확장 가능한 시스템을 설계하고 구축할 수 있도록 안내합니다. 이 팀은 숙련된 기술 영업 전문가, 소프트웨어 아키텍트, 기업가, 그리고 개발자로 구성되어 있으며, 고객의 성공을 직접적으로 책임지고 있습니다. 여기에는 소프트웨어 설계, 배포, 운영 등이 포함됩니다. 이 직무는 영업 전문가들과 긴밀히 협력하며, MongoDB 솔루션을 활용해 고객의 비즈니스 문제를 해결하고, 계약 성사 및 비즈니스 개발에 중요한 역할을 합니다. 스타트업부터 세계 최대 규모의 엔터프라이즈 IT 조직에 이르기까지 다양한 사용자들에게 신뢰받는 조언자가 되어주실 분을 찾고 있습니다. 우리의 하이브리드 업무 방침에 따라 대한민국 서울 오피스로 출퇴근이 가능하신 분을 모시고자 합니다. As an ideal candidate, you will have 12년 이상의 고객 대면 역할 관련 경험 (3년 이상의 엔터프라이즈 소프트웨어 프리세일즈 경험 우대) 3년 이상의 Python, Node.js, SQL과 같은 현대적인 스크립팅 언어 또는 C/C++, Java, C# 등 인기 있는 프로그래밍 언어를 전문적으로 다룬 경험 클라우드 및 온프레미스에서 확장 가능한 고가용성 분산 시스템 설계 경험 기존 애플리케이션의 복잡한 아키텍처를 검토하고 기술 활용을 통해 개선 방안을 제시한 경험 뛰어난 발표 및 커뮤니케이션 능력, 그리고 기술 및 비즈니스 리더십과 명확하고 설득력 있게 소통할 수 있는 능력 영업 팀과의 전략적 협업 및 다방면적 고객 전략 수립 능력 최대 25%의 출장이 가능하신 분 학사 학위 또는 이에 상응하는 경력 You may also have 데이터베이스 판매 및 주요 클라우드 공급자와의 애플리케이션 배포 경험 데이터베이스 프로그래밍 및 데이터 모델 경험 데이터 엔지니어링 또는 AI/ML 프로젝트 참여 경험 기존 시스템을 현대적이고 확장 가능하며 효율적인 기술 스택으로 전환한 경험 MEDDPICC/Command of the Message와 같은 인기 있는 세일즈 방법론/프레임워크 이해 MongoDB 및 클라우드 공급자 자격증 보유 What you do at MongoDB 이 직무는 상황이나 데이터를 심도 있게 분석해야 하는 복잡한 기회를 다룹니다. 설계 및 아키텍처: 대규모 소프트웨어 프로젝트를 위해 확장 가능하고 성능이 뛰어난 애플리케이션, 시스템, 인프라 설계 고객 조언 및 가치 전달: MongoDB의 아키텍처 패턴과 최적화 전략을 고객에게 안내하고, 관련 이해관계자에게 비즈니스 가치를 명확히 전달 영업 협업: 기술적 발견, 데모, 가치 검증, 프레젠테이션 등 영업 과정에서의 기술적 부분 담당 수요 창출: 산업 행사 및 고객 기반 마케팅 이벤트에 참여하여 기술적 이니셔티브를 통한 수요 창출 고객 성공: 강력한 고객 관계 구축, 고객 챔피언 육성, 성공 및 만족 보장 혁신 및 개선: 필드 피드백을 제품 팀에 전달하는 등 MongoDB 솔루션 및 프로세스 혁신 및 개선 교육 및 개발: MongoDB 제품군 및 산업 동향에 대한 지속적인 학습과 자기 개발 What you will learn MongoDB 제품군 핵심 데이터베이스 서버: MongoDB 핵심 데이터베이스의 기본 및 고급 기능 숙달 Atlas 및 고급 서비스: Atlas(완전 관리형 클라우드 데이터베이스 서비스), Atlas 스트림 처리, Atlas 데이터 레이크, Atlas 전체 텍스트 검색, Atlas 벡터 검색 및 차트에 대한 전문성 확보 Relational Migrator: 관계형 데이터베이스의 원활한 마이그레이션 툴 시장 관련 기술 하이퍼스케일러 생태계: 하이퍼스케일러 플랫폼의 클라우드 서비스를 활용하여 복잡한 시스템 설계 전문성 확보 보완 기술: Apache Kafka

We are looking for a passionate technologist to join our Pre-Sales organization and help ensure our growth is grounded in strong technical alignment between MongoDB, our partners, and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Solutions Architects help customers and partners design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. On the Partners team, this role goes beyond core solution design and includes driving technical strategy with hyperscalers, GSIs, ISVs, and ecosystem partners; shaping joint solutions; and creating repeatable field assets that accelerate adoption. You will work closely with sales, partner, and technical stakeholders to solve business problems with MongoDB, influence complex opportunities, and help build partner-led growth in India and across the region. This role will be based remotely in Bengaluru. What you'll do at MongoDB Design scalable, secure, and high-performing application, data, and AI architectures using MongoDB Atlas for customer and partner-led solutions Act as a trusted technical advisor to partners, sellers, and customers by guiding architecture reviews, modernization strategies, and deployment decisions across cloud and hybrid environments Work on complex partner and ecosystem opportunities that require deep technical discovery, solution mapping, demos, proofs of value, sizing, and technical documentation Build and refine joint partner offerings, integration patterns, quick starts, workshops, demos and reference architectures with hyperscalers, ISVs, and strategic ecosystem partners Create reusable field assets such as demos, presentations, sample architectures, workshops, and technical guidance that help sellers and partners scale MongoDB adoption. Advise on modern AI application patterns including RAG, vector search, agentic workflows, and integration approaches across partner ecosystems Support field and partner teams with implementation guidance, technical objections, and practical workarounds where product capabili

MongoDB's Application Modernization Platform (AMP) team aims to grow the adoption of MongoDB by accelerating the rate at which legacy applications built on RDBMS can be modernized to MongoDB. The AMP team uses a combination of proprietary GenAI and deterministic tools combined with modernization techniques (methodologies) developed over numerous customer engagements to modernize legacy applications to MongoDB. This involves modernizing both the application tier by decomposing the legacy application into services and building modern services on MongoDB. Our modernization methodologies involve apply specialized tools that automate a wide variety of modernization tasks including analyzing legacy code bases to figure out how to disaggregate them, transforming legacy code (PL/SQL, T-SQL, Java, C#) to modern application frameworks on MongoDB, automated test generation, and side-by-side testing (legacy vs. modern). We are looking for a Solutions Architect to support the sales and delivery of modernization engagements. This role will be based remotely in France. Roles Responsibilities Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience with modern software development processes and application architectures including (not an exhaustive list): agile development, domain driven design, microservice architectures, test-driven development, event-driven architectures, operational data layers, test automation, etc. Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Facilitate technical workshops and discovery sessions with customer architects, developers, and business leaders Experience installing and delivering complex demonstrations consist

MongoDB's Application Modernization Platform (AMP) team aims to grow the adoption of MongoDB by accelerating the rate at which legacy applications built on RDBMS can be modernized to MongoDB. The AMP team uses a combination of proprietary GenAI and deterministic tools combined with modernization techniques (methodologies) developed over numerous customer engagements to modernize legacy applications to MongoDB. This involves modernizing both the application tier by decomposing the legacy application into services and building modern services on MongoDB. Our modernization methodologies involve apply specialized tools that automate a wide variety of modernization tasks including analyzing legacy code bases to figure out how to disaggregate them, transforming legacy code (PL/SQL, T-SQL, Java, C#) to modern application frameworks on MongoDB, automated test generation, and side-by-side testing (legacy vs. modern). We are looking for a Solutions Architect to support the sales and delivery of modernization engagements. This role will be based remotely in Ireland. Roles Responsibilities Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience with modern software development processes and application architectures including (not an exhaustive list): agile development, domain driven design, microservice architectures, test-driven development, event-driven architectures, operational data layers, test automation, etc Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Facilitate technical workshops and discovery sessions with customer architects, developers, and business leaders Experience installing and delivering complex demonstrations consist

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects in the Scaled Growth organization are responsible for guiding our customers and users to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned technical sales professionals, software architects, entrepreneurs, and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our sales executives and Field Solutions Architecture team helping customers solve business problems by leveraging our solutions, playing a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of enterprise organizations across the Americas. This role can be based remotely in Sao Paulo . As an ideal candidate, you will have: 5 to 8 years of related industry experience, ideally 2 years of experience in a customer facing role Minimum of 2 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience implementing scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to technology and business leadership Ability to work with a cross functional sales team to formulate and execute an end to end deal cycle A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience Requires professional proficiency in both written and verb

MongoDB's Application Modernization Platform (AMP) team aims to grow the adoption of MongoDB by accelerating the rate at which legacy applications built on RDBMS can be modernized to MongoDB. The AMP team uses a combination of proprietary GenAI and deterministic tools combined with modernization techniques (methodologies) developed over numerous customer engagements to modernize legacy applications to MongoDB. This involves modernizing both the application tier by decomposing the legacy application into services and building modern services on MongoDB. Our modernization methodologies involve apply specialized tools that automate a wide variety of modernization tasks including analyzing legacy code bases to figure out how to disaggregate them, transforming legacy code (PL/SQL, T-SQL, Java, C#) to modern application frameworks on MongoDB, automated test generation, and side-by-side testing (legacy vs. modern). We are looking for a Solutions Architect to support the sales and delivery of modernization engagements. This role will be based remotely in the UK. Roles Responsibilities Ideally 8 to 11 years of related experience in a customer facing role, with 5 to 7 years of experience in pre-sales with enterprise software Minimum of 3 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience with modern software development processes and application architectures including (not an exhaustive list): agile development, domain driven design, microservice architectures, test-driven development, event-driven architectures, operational data layers, test automation, etc. Experience designing with scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Facilitate technical workshops and discovery sessions with customer architects, developers, and business leaders Experience installing and delivering complex demonstrations consist

Secure Every Identity, from AI to Human Identity is the key to unlocking the potential of AI. Okta secures AI by building the trusted, neutral infrastructure that enables organizations to safely embrace this new era. This work requires a relentless drive to solve complex challenges with real-world stakes. We are looking for builders and owners who operate with speed and urgency and execute with excellence. This is an opportunity to do career-defining work. We're all in on this mission. If you are too, let's talk. About the Role We are seeking a Pre-sales Architect to join our team of identity security experts. In this role, you will leverage your technical expertise and business acumen to drive customer success, helping organisations modernise and secure their identity ecosystems. As a trusted advisor, you will collaborate with enterprise customers, channel partners, and internal teams to deliver innovative identity and access management (IAM) solutions that align with business goals. This role requires a balance of strategic thinking, technical depth, and exceptional communication skills to translate complex identity challenges into solutions that address customer needs. You’ll play a pivotal role in accelerating sales cycles, enabling technical wins, and shaping the future of identity in your region. The Opportunity Reporting into the EMEA Office of the Field CTO, this role will be challenged daily to show prospects and customers how Okta can help solve their business challenges. We are searching for individuals that have experience deploying identity and access management solutions in large and complex environments. This hands-on experience and exposure to the operational aspect of real customer deployments is what sets you apart and provides credibility to the architectures you design and propose. Your proven experience with other products and legacy solutions will be invaluable when assessing a customer’s existing challenges and planning the

We are looking for passionate technologists to join our Pre-Sales organization to ensure that our growth is grounded and guided by strong technical alignment with our platform and the needs of our customers. MongoDB Pre-Sales Solution Architects in the Scaled Growth organization are responsible for guiding our customers and users to design and build reliable, scalable systems using our data platform. Our team is made up of seasoned technical sales professionals, software architects, entrepreneurs, and developers who take direct responsibility for customer success, including the design of their software, deployment, and operations. You'll work closely with our sales executives and Field Solutions Architecture team helping customers solve business problems by leveraging our solutions, playing a key role in winning deals and driving the business forward. You'll be a trusted advisor to a wide range of enterprise organizations across the Americas. This role can be based remotely in Mexico City . As an ideal candidate, you will have: 5 to 8 years of related industry experience, ideally 2 years of experience in a customer facing role Minimum of 2 years experience with modern scripting languages (e.g. Python, Node.js, SQL) and/or popular programming languages (e.g. C/C++, Java, C#) in a professional capacity Experience implementing scalable and highly available distributed systems in the cloud and on-prem Demonstrated ability to work with customers to review complex architecture of existing applications, providing guidance on how to improve by leveraging technology Excellent presentation, communication, and interpersonal skills, with the ability to convey complex technical and business concepts in a clear and compelling manner to technology and business leadership Ability to work with a cross functional sales team to formulate and execute an end to end deal cycle A Bachelor’s degree or equivalent work experience Requires professional proficiency in both written and ve